Why in news?
Recently, World Migration Report 2022 was released by the International Organization for Migration (IOM).
What is it?
World Migration Report-
- The report is published by the International Organization for Migration and it provide data and information on human migration together with analysis of complex and emerging migration issues or it analyses relevant migration data to understand the drivers and phenomena (such as climate change, human trafficking and impact of covid 19) of migration.
- The first World Migration Report was published in 2000 and having been produced biennially since 2000. This edition is the eleventh in the series.
Key Findings-
- The 2022 report shows that despite the prevailing circumstances due to covid-19 internal displacement increased significantly because of natural disasters, conflict and violence.
- Climate related events are the cause of most new displacements. Total new displacements provoked by disasters in 145 countries and territories are about 7 million. Earlier, the World Bank estimated that by 2050 nearly 143 million people would migrate within their countries due climate related events in sub-Sahara Africa, South Asia and Latin America.
- Storms are responsible for 14.6 million displacements and floods for 14.1 million.
- Extreme temperatures have migrated some 46,000 people and droughts caused new displacement of 32,000 people in 2020.
- The maximum number of new disaster displacements occurred in Philippines, approximately 5.1 million migrated in Philippines in 2020.
- India reported about four million migrations due to disasters. Asia recorded the highest migration due to disaster.
- International migrants- In 1970 there were 84 million international migrants which have grown to 281 million in 2020. Currently representing 3.6% of the whole population on the planet.
- The major purpose of people to migrate internationally is work. Europe host nearly 87 million migrants and Asia host about 86 million migrants, which is 61% of all the global migrants.
- The UAE reported the highest proportion of international migrants.
- Remittances- Due to migration there is an increase in International remittances. Covid-19 saw a small drop of 2.4% in 2020. In 2020, the top five remittance receiving countries were India ($78.6 billion), China, Mexico, the Philippines and Egypt.
- According to United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, droughts could play major role to migrate nearly 22 million more people in Africa, 12 million in South America and 10 million in Asia by 2059 (in comparison to the 2000-2015 period).
- Indian migration scenario- India has the largest people living outside the country (nearly 18 million). The top migration destinations for Indians are the United Arab Emirates (3471300), the USA (2723764), and Saudi Arabia (2502337), Pakistan (1597134), Oman (1375667).
- The highest number of migrants entering India comes from Bangladesh.
International Organization for Migration (IOM)-
- It is an intergovernmental organization that works jointly with governmental, nongovernmental, and intergovernmental partners in the field of migration.
- International Organization for Migration was established in 1951 and its headquarters is in Geneva (Grand-Saconnex), Switzerland. In 2016. It became a United Nations agency.
- It works in the four broad areas of migration management: migration and development, facilitating migration, regulating migration, and addressing forced migration.
- It has 174 member states and 8 observer states. India became a member state of the IOM in 2008.
- The IOM promotes humane and orderly migration by providing services and advice to governments and migrants.